Say more with fewer words — compact, formal Spanish you build out loud.
Nominalization turns a whole clause into a noun phrase: aprobaron la ley becomes la aprobación de la ley — tighter, and instantly more formal. It's one tool in a Spanish compression kit: absolute participle clauses open a sentence with no finite verb (acabada la reunión, todos se retiraron en silencio; dicho esto, pasemos al siguiente punto), and the impersonal infinitive writes rules and instructions with no subject at all (no fumar, agitar antes de usar). Fixed markers like o sea and es decir then stitch the compact pieces together.
Below: each compression pattern with the phrases that carry it, where the gerund goes wrong, and a way to practise condensing your own sentences in live conversation — no drills, no worksheets.
Say this
Regional Spanish
Textbooks teach one word. Locals use several — pick your region's and stay consistent.
Watch out
The part no drill site can do
Carla
Your grammar teacher for this pack
Nothing to fill in — in The Compactor lessons you shrink real sentences out loud while Carla pushes for one word fewer. She hands you a two-clause sentence — cuando terminó la reunión, salimos — and you compress it live: terminada la reunión, salimos. Then a verb phrase, decidimos cancelar, rebuilt as a noun phrase: la decisión de cancelar. Then she has you turn a 'tú debes…' command into sign-language Spanish — no fumar, mantener cerrado — until compact stops feeling clipped and starts feeling fluent.
Blank mid-sentence and nothing bad happens — she waits. That's the practice, without unnecessary judgement.
Quick answers
A participle plus its noun replaces a whole 'when/once' clause, with the participle agreeing in gender and number: firmado el contrato, las partes brindaron por el acuerdo; agotadas las existencias, la tienda cerró. Dicho esto is the fixed conversational version — 'that said'.
The impersonal infinitive gives an instruction with no subject and maximum concision: no estacionar, cerrar la puerta con llave al salir, agitar antes de usar y conservar en lugar fresco y seco. It's the standard register for rules, labels, and recipes across the Spanish-speaking world.
By nominalizing the event: Detención del principal sospechoso en la frontera norte, Caída histórica de la bolsa ante la incertidumbre política. The noun phrase packs the whole story into a fragment — no conjugated verb needed.
It's a fixed marker meaning 'that is / in other words': la propuesta es inviable, o sea, no tiene sentido seguir discutiéndola. Its cultured siblings are es decir (i.e.) and es más (what's more).
As a gerund of posterity — using it for what happened afterwards is incorrect. It's right as manner, describing how an action unfolds: habla caminando por la sala, salió dando un portazo, aprendió inglés viendo series.