Link your ideas with y, pero, porque and también so your spoken Spanish stops sounding like fragments.
Pero adds a contrast: es difícil, pero interesante. Sino only appears after a negative, to replace the wrong idea with the right one: no es azul, sino verde — if the first half says no and the second half corrects it, you need sino. Two more connectors change purely for sound: y becomes e before i- or hi- words (español e inglés, padres e hijos) and o becomes u before o- or ho- (siete u ocho, mujer u hombre). And porque (one word, no accent) answers the question ¿por qué? (two words) asks.
Below: the sentences these little words hold together, the mistakes that flatten your fluency (también where tampoco belongs), and how you practice them mid-conversation — talking, not filling in blanks.
Say this
Regional Spanish
Textbooks teach one word. Locals use several — pick your region's and stay consistent.
Watch out
The part no drill site can do
Carla
Your grammar teacher for this pack
No gap-fills, no sentence-combining exercises. In the Glue Words lessons you talk, and Carla makes you reach for the connectors: she asks why you study Spanish and you answer with a full porque clause instead of a fragment; she sets up one contrast (es difícil, pero…) and one correction (no es…, sino…) back to back so you feel the difference; then she states a like and a dislike and you echo — a mí también, a mí tampoco — out loud, in rhythm, until the glue holds on its own.
Blank mid-sentence and nothing bad happens — she waits. That's the practice, without unnecessary judgement.
Quick answers
Pero adds a contrast to any statement (quiero ir, pero no puedo). Sino works only after a negative and introduces the correct alternative: no es azul, sino verde. Before a conjugated verb it becomes sino que: no canta, sino que baila.
Purely for sound — before words starting with i- or hi-, y would collide with the vowel, so it becomes e: español e inglés, padres e hijos.
Before words starting with o- or ho-: siete u ocho personas, mujer u hombre. Same logic as y → e — it just avoids two identical vowel sounds crashing together.
¿Por qué? (two words, with accent) asks why; porque (one word, no accent) answers with because: ¿Por qué estudias español? — Porque quiero viajar a España.
Mirror positive statements with también (a mí también) and negative ones with tampoco (no me gusta el frío. — A mí tampoco). Never mix them — me too after a negative is the classic giveaway. In fast speech you'll also hear igual and ni yo.